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The Power Of History – The History Of Power. Volume 11. Issue 2. № 60. 2025

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PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES, LINGUISTICS
Murashko S.F., Rudakova S.V. Typical mistakes in the formation of plural nouns in English
12
Unatlokov V.Kh., Mishin D.A., Kurovsky S.V. Comparative analysis of concepts in Russian and Chinese languages (based on the example of the concepts «soldier», «success», «study»)
21
Kropta O.A. Russian spelling: a communicative aspect
32
Lugovskaya M.Yu. M.I. Tsvetaeva’s lexical and syntactic occasionalisms as a vivid sign of her idiolect
40
 
ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES
  
Ryabova E.L., Ternovaya L.O. The dramatic history of the establishment of state borders
 49
Uporov I.V. Territorial structure at the local level in the history of Russia: main development trends
 60
Petrova S.I., Petrov I.F. Existentialism as a symbol of twentieth-century culture
 67
Napso M.B., Agirbov T.R. Information, information impact in the conditions of special properties of the modern information environment
 76
Bobyshev S.V., Lushkina T.A. The process of transformation of human activities in the conditions of digitalization of society
 88
Galaeva Z.S.-G. Methodology for the study of migration processes
 99
Zalyubovskaya V.V., Bunyaeva K.V. German occupation regimein the Kursk region: forces, means and methods of approval (1941-1943) (according to reports from soviet agents)
 108
Degtyarev A.P. Social issues of military ranks and their families in the decisions of the state council of Russia in the last decades of the XIX - early XX centuries (1881-1905)
 116
Demidov A.V. The origins of the time of troubles in the Russian State in the late XVI - early XVII centuries
 127
Evdokimov I.D. «The age of magnificent funerals»: the era of political intrigue
 134
Kuraev A.M., Samarats A.V., Klepikovsky A.A. Ideological foundations of officers’ training based on the study of military experience
 145
Nusipbekova A.A., Lipunova L.V. he problem of objective analysis of P.A. Stolypin’s policy aimed at establishing parliamentarism in Russia and strengthening cooperation between the council of ministers and the State Government of the first and second convocations
 151
Sheludyakov I.F. Trade in Kaluga province during the NEP years (based on the materials of the newspaper «Commune»)
 157
Chernova L.M. F.I. Tyutchev as a political thinker: a study of the poet’s views on the key events of political history
 166
Cherkasov A.V., Kozlov M.N. Variability of approaches to the identification of key factors in the formation of a modern anthropological person in the works of Crimean archaeologists of the twentieth century
 175
Galaeva Z.S.-G. Motives and problems of population migration
 181
Feldman A.L. The role of Emperor Peter I in the emergence of the oil business in Russia
 189
Popov A.V. Technical Committee of the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army on the eve of and during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
 198
 
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GENERAL HISTORY
  
Dolgushina P.S., Shostak V.A., Sinegubov S.N. Origins of tolerance to the activities of Adolf Hitler and the directions of Nazism in European countries. The genesis of neo-nazism
 206
Shtol M.V. The Arctic region in the politics of circumpolar countries during the period of detente in international relations in the 70-s of the twentieth century
 213
Yeerfan Haifeizi, Peiqiang Ni Research on Zhu De’s personal charm from the perspective of Charismatic leadership theory
 226
Karpuk O.K. Strategic cooperation between China and the Soviet Union 1949-1955
 242
 
Abstracts
 
259
Authors
269
 

  

EDITORIAL BOARD
Deputy. Chief Editor and Project Manager: 
Rybakov S.V., Doctor of historical sciences, professor of the history of Russian Ural Federal University.
 
Mikhailov V.A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
Dolgenko A.N., Doctor of Philology. Head of the Department of Russian and Foreign Languages at the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.
Kovaleva N.A., Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor. Professor of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Nanjing University (PRC).
Nenarokova M.R., Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Theory and Practice of Foreign Languages, Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN University, Leading Researcher, Department of Classical Literature of the West and Comparative Literature. Institute of World Literature RAN. Interpreter/Translator.
Nagornova E.V., PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Practice of Foreign Languages at the Institute of Foreign Languages of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Nikashina N.V., PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Practice of Foreign Languages, Institute of Foreign Languages, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
Klimenko D.A., Candidate of Philology, specialist in Italy.
Murashko S.F., Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian and Foreign Languages. Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.
Ternovaya L.O., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor MADI (The Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University).
Ivakin G.A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Expert. Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education".
Naumova G.R., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Nikonov A.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, State Councellor of the 1st class, the Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Nechiporenko V.S., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
Ponomarenko B.T., Honoured worker of higher education, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
Letunovsky P.V., Doctor of Political Sciences, Candidate of Historical Sciences, head of the department of Humanitarian, Social and Economic Disciplines of the Russian Federation Armed Forces Army Air Defense Military Academy named after the Marshal of the A.M. Vassilevsky Soviet Union.
Varsonofiev V.V., Candidate of Political Science, Military expert.
Chapkin S.V., Honorary Academician, President of the “Academy of Ecology and Law”.
Boltenkova L.F., Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor.
Ignatov I.S., Candidate of Political Sciences, senior advisor of justice.
Vrajnova M.N., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University (MADI).
Honali Kurbonzoda, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Rector of the «National Institute of professional development and training of educators».
Platonova N.M., Doctor of Historical Sciences. Associate Professor of the Department “Theory and History of State and Law” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Far Eastern State University of Communications” (Khabarovsk).

 

 

Abstracts
Murashko S.F.
Rudakova S.V.
Typical mistakes in the formation of plural nouns in English
The article is devoted to one of the complex categories of English grammar – the formation of the plural of nouns in English and the most common mistakes made by English language learners. The article examines various ways of forming plurals, provides examples of both correct and incorrect use of plural forms of words that present difficulties, as well as recommendations on how to avoid mistakes in speech.
Key words: the plural of nouns, grammatical category, morphological model, suffix, lexical borrowing.
 
Unatlokov V.Kh.
Mishin D.A.
Kurovsky S.V.
Comparative analysis of concepts in Russian and Chinese languages (based on the example of the concepts «soldier», «success», «study»)
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages. The scientific problem addressed in this work is the lack of a unified approach to applied, theoretical, comparative linguistic analysis of concepts in the research community. The purpose of the scientific study is to carry out a comparative analysis of concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages (using the concepts of "soldier", "success", "study" as an example). The article presents the trends in conceptual specific and general characteristics of the picture of the Russian and Chinese world, based on a comparative analysis of the selected concepts in the Russian and Chinese consciousness of people. The practical significance of the study is the possibility of a deeper understanding of the Russian and Chinese mentalities, the formation of effective interactions and dialogue between the PRC and the Russian Federation.
Key words: concepts, comparative analysis, semantic field, comparative analysis, Russian and Chinese languages, human consciousness, applied linguistic analysis.
 
Kropta O.A.
Russian spelling: a communicative aspect
The article attempts to consider Russian spelling from the point of view of the communicative aspect. The rationale is given that the concept of "spelling" is the most important component in the written presentation of information and is defined by the author of the article as a set of rules that regulate the spelling of words. The article provides a rationale for studying spelling and improving spelling literacy.
The author of the article talks about the correct spelling of words as knowledge of linguistic features, which indicates the level of education and education, as well as the presence or absence of responsibility, respect for language.
In this study, we are talking about modern information search systems for sorting certain pages, their use is possible with knowledge of spelling rules. That is why the text, which has a significant number of errors, affects the search results.
Key words: spelling, communicative aspect, spelling error, spelling models, communicative model, traditional spelling principle, spelling principles, spelling literacy.
 
Lugovskaya M.Yu.
M.I. Tsvetaeva's lexical and syntactic occasionalisms as a vivid sign of her idiolect
The study describes the occasionalisms of M.I. Tsvetaeva, formed in a lexical and syntactic way. The nature, genesis and classification bases of the poet's lexico-syntactic accidents are analyzed. Russian Russian literature draws conclusions about the great influence of foreign languages (German and French) on the linguistic experimentation of M. I. Tsvetaeva, as well as poetics and word-formation models of Russian folklore and word-formation patterns of the Russian literary language in a synchronic and diachronic aspect. The article provides a classification of lexical and syntactic occasionalisms, discusses the most obvious structural models, and also contains numerous examples of such units.
Key words: occasionalism, classification of occasionalisms, lexico-syntactic occasionalism, theory of occasionality, neology, idiolect of M.I. Tsvetaeva, trilingualism, multilingualism.
 
Ryabova E.L.
Ternovaya L.O.
The dramatic history of the establishment of state borders
Despite the fact that states emerged in ancient times, their borders were established much later. Initially, the borders were extremely unstable, which largely reflected the weakness of states. In that period of European medieval history, when the weakness of state power was opposed by the strength of the Catholic Church, the responsibility for the security of the territory that fell on its shoulders had a detrimental effect on the immediate tasks of the church. With the formation of centralized sovereign states, the authorities became concerned with strengthening state borders. But as the power of state power grew, its geopolitical appetites increased. This required the development of strict rules for contractual interaction on issues of state borders.
Key words: history, state, church, border, treaty, international law.
 
Uporov I.V.
Territorial structure at the local level in the history of Russia: main development trends
The article presents an overview of the development of territorial structure at the local level in the history of Russia. The chronological framework covers the period from the 18th century to the turn of 1990. It is noted that at the systemic level, these issues began to be regulated, starting from the era of Peter I, when eight provinces were formed, consisting of cities, categories and orders. Later, other territorial units appeared at the local level, in the 19th century such were also cities, counties, districts, departments, territories, volosts, stanitsas. At the same time, local government bodies, due to their limited powers, did not influence the territorial structure. The situation was similar in the Soviet state, where the opinion of the population was not taken into account in resolving these issues. The situation began to change on the eve of the collapse of the USSR, and then the 1993 Constitution of Russia laid the legal basis for the territorial organization of local government, taking into account modern requirements. However, the relevant norms are not specific enough, and, accordingly, more detailed development of these issues in the current federal and regional legislation is required.
Key words: territory, provinces, districts, regions, empire, USSR, population, law, power.
 
Petrova S.I.
Petrov I.F.
Existentialism as a symbol of twentieth-century culture
The existential worldview with its emphasis on the uniqueness of human existence, on the problems of freedom, responsibility, loneliness, suffering and death permeates a significant part of the philosophical and artistic searches of the last century. The article shows that, in general, existentialism has become one of the main currents of twentieth-century culture, enriching it with new themes, images and expressive means. Existentialism gave a powerful impetus to the development of modernist literature, theater of the absurd, and intellectual cinema, forcing people to look at their own lives differently.
Key words: existentialism, philosophy, culture, art, literature, creativity, cinema, man.
 
Napso M.B.
Agirbov T.R.
Information, information impact in the conditions of special properties of the modern information environment
The article examines the problems of information impact in the context of the basic properties of the information environment, the features of information turnover, which are constantly changing. Based on this, the authors focus on such features of modern information turnover as the controlled nature of information and communication technologies, used, among other things, for the collection, analysis and use of big data; information oversupply, the growth of low-quality, synthesized, transformed, fake information, information in the style of performance. The problem of countering information influence at the individual and state levels is complex due to the pervasive nature of technology and the over-reliance on it, the volume of information relations, the constant improvement of technology and changes in the quality and conditions of the information environment, the number and nature of risk factors, as well as catching up legal and socio-cultural regulation. In such conditions, secure information behavior strategies based on the information culture of the individual and society, developed competencies in the field of information security and stable information immunity become particularly relevant.
Key words: information impact, information culture, information immunity, information overabundance, low-quality information, artificial intelligence, deepfake.
 
Bobyshev S.V.
Lushkina T.A.
The process of transformation of human activities in the conditions of digitalization of society
The article examines the problem of social transformation of human activity in the context of digitalization, stating the deep mediatization of social space. The emergence of an electronic-digital society as a cultural and historical context that changes human activity: education, work, play, communication.
Key words: information, artificial intelligence, media space, transformation, activity, consciousness, labor.
 
Galaeva Z.S.-G.
Methodology for the study of migration processes
The study of population migration problems is one of the most pressing issues of modern science. The article discusses the basics of various methods of analyzing migration processes and their potential directions for improving research practice. The research has shown the effectiveness of using a variety of approaches and methodologies for a more accurate description of the migration situation.
Key words: population migration, research methods, migrants, resettlement, migration flows, absolute indicators, relative indicators.
 
Zalyubovskaya V.V.
Bunyaeva K.V.
German occupation regime in the Kursk region: forces, means and methods of approval (1941-1943) (according to reports from soviet agents)
The Nazi occupation of the Kursk region in 1941-1943 occupies a prominent place in the historical studies of domestic specialists due to the importance of the events that unfolded there. The reconstruction of the events that took place in this area of the Central Black Earth Region during the Great Patriotic War was carried out on the basis of archival materials of the territorial administration of the NKVD of the USSR, which were brought into scientific circulation for the first time. The archival documents used to write this article represented reports from Soviet agents received by the leadership of the NKVD in the Kursk region from the areas of the Kursk region occupied by German troops, reviews of pro-fascist printed publications published in the cities and regions of this region captured by the Wehrmacht. An analysis of historical documents shows that the German occupiers used significant forces and means to establish the Nazi “new order”. The German invaders chose total terror as the main methods of achieving their goals in the occupied areas of the Kursk region.
Key words: German occupation, Kursk region, Nazi occupation regime, total terror.
 
Degtyarev A.P.
Social issues of military ranks and their families in the decisions of the state council of Russia in the last decades of the XIX - early XX centuries (1881-1905)
The article is devoted to the consideration by the supreme legislative authority of Russia, the State Council, of issues of social security for officers and lower ranks in the active regular army and retired in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian Russians also analyzed the social care of their families, including during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the first Russian Revolution. The dynamics of the passage of social issues in relation to Russian soldiers during the studied periods indicates an increase in the attention of state authorities to the needs of defenders of the Fatherland in the context of military operations and acute social tension in the country. It shows the gradual process of unification of legislation on special preferential conditions for civilian specialists and military officials in certain areas of their service and work.
Key words: State Council, departments, War Ministry, officers, lower ranks, military departments, salaries, social security of families, war, expenses, pension.
 
Demidov A.V.
The origins of the time of troubles in the Russian State in the late XVI - early XVII centuries
The article examines the reasons that led to the emergence of the Time of Troubles in Russia in the late XVI – early XVII centuries. The role of the highest Moscow boyars in the emergence of the phenomenon of imposture and in provoking foreign intervention is considered. Special attention is paid to the role of such prominent representatives of the highest circles of the then Russian society as Princes Shuisky and boyars Romanov.
Key words: Troubles, Time of Troubles, tsar, Dimitri, Boris Godunov, impostor, phenomenon of impostor, Poland, Lithuania, Grigory Otrepyev, Romanov boyars, False Dmitry, Zemsky Sobor, Vasily Shuisky, Semiboyarschina, Prince Vladislav.
 
Evdokimov I.D.
«The age of magnificent funerals»: the era of political intrigue
The article examines the political context of the period in history of the USSR known as «The Age of Magnificent Funerals». The article describes the balance of power in the top leadership of the CPSU in the last months of Leonid Brezhnev's rule, as well as during the leadership of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko. The author analyzes the strategy of actions of political «clans» and figures in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The author pays special attention to such a phenomenon as political intrigue, the manifestation of which in various forms inextricably accompanied the internal party struggle for power caused by the constant change of General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Based on historical and memoir literature, the main episodes of this struggle are described and conclusions are drawn reflecting the results of attempts to implement political intrigues.
Key words: political intrigue, political struggle, five-year plan of lavish funerals, General Secretary, Politburo, Plenum, Brezhnev L.I., Andropov Yu.V., Chernenko K.U., Gorbachev M.S., Central Committee of the CPSU.
 
Kuraev A.M.
Samarats A.V.
Klepikovsky A.A.
Ideological foundations of officers' training based on the study of military experience
The article examines the development of ideas for the professional education of an officer of the USSR Armed Forces based on the experience of the Great Patriotic War. Scientific assumption of the study: the development of the system of professional education of Soviet officers and the final formation of the ideology of the Soviet Army. Research methods: analysis of the works of the most prominent military commanders and commanders I.Kh. Bagramyan, P.I. Batov, A.M. Vasilevsky, L.A. Govorov, A.V. Gorbatov, K.A. Vershinin, A.I. Eremenko, G.K. Zhukov, M.E. Katukov, I.S. Konev, R.Ya. Malinovsky, K.A. Meretskov, K.K. Rokossovsky. Military reforms and the creation of a new military doctrine, the experience of local wars and armed conflicts. Against the background of a conflict of opinions about the nature of war and the methods of waging it, a controversy unfolded about the personality of the Soviet commander, about priorities in the system of professional and personal formations, properties and qualities, about approaches to organizing the professional education of future commanders and the development of the system of professional education of Soviet officers and the final formation of the ideology of the Soviet Army.
Key words: reforms, systems, ideology, Soviet officers, professional education, pedagogy, commanders.
 
Nusipbekova A.A.
Lipunova L.V.
The problem of objective analysis of P.A. Stolypin's policy aimed at establishing parliamentarism in Russia and strengthening cooperation between the council of ministers and the State Government of the first and second convocations
The article is devoted to the problem of objective analysis of P.A. Stolypin's policy in the State Duma of the first and second convocations. In the course of studying the given problem, the author analyses the speeches of P.A. Stolypin delivered by him in the State Duma in the period from June 1906 to March 1907 and outlines a number of principles, both technical and theoretical, on which the political strategy of P.A. Stolypin is based. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the development of the institution of parliamentarism produced by building and strengthening constructive interaction between the Council of Ministers and the State Duma of the first and second convocations was the core of the transformation of the state system of the Russian Empire on the way to the establishment of legal state.
Key words: P.A. Stolypin, the State Duma, the Council of Ministers, parliamentarism, Russian people's representation, legal state.
 
Sheludyakov I.F.
Trade in Kaluga province during the NEP years (based on the materials of the newspaper «Commune»)
Separate aspects of the development of state, cooperative and private trade during the NEP years, highlighted in the daily newspaper «Commune» in 1925-1926, become the basis for the author's analysis of the changing balance of power in the trade sectors of Kaluga province. It is noted how the turnover of the private sector is decreasing in connection with the practical tasks set for gubvnutorgami, due to which the indicators of cooperation and government organizations are growing.
Key words: private trade, cooperation, state trade, turnover, gubvnutorg.
 
Chernova L.M.
F.I. Tyutchev as a political thinker: a study of the poet's views on the key events of political history
The article is devoted to the analysis of the views on the political situation of his time of the philosopher, poet and diplomat F.I. Tyutchev, reflected in his extensive correspondence. The main aspects of F.I. Tyutchev's political thought in the second half of the 19th century are focused on the East, France and Germany. His outstanding understanding of the political situation, the ability to analyze in detail and accurately describe international circumstances and public opinion give historical value to the poet's letters.
Key words: diplomacy, 19th century, public opinion, politics, history of Russia and Europe, Tyutchev, poetry, Tyutchev's work.
 
Cherkasov A.V.
Kozlov M.N.
Variability of approaches to the identification of key factors in the formation of a modern anthropological person in the works of Crimean archaeologists of the twentieth century
Cherkasov A.V., Kozlov M.N. Variability of approaches to the identification of key factors in the formation of a modern anthropological person in the works of Crimean archaeologists of the twentieth century. The article describes the views of the leading scientists of the last century on the issue of establishing key determinants in the process of anthropogenesis. In particular. the models of the German anthropologist F. Weidenreich (morphological-cerebral) and Soviet researchers G.A. Bonch-Osmolovsky (morphological-labor) and Ya.I am Roginsky (morphological and social). A modern approach to the problem based on the integration of these models is presented.
Key words: primitive history and archeology of Crimea, paleoanthropy, anthropogenesis, historiography of the Stone Age.
 
Galaeva Z.S.-G.
Motives and problems of population migration
Migration is an integral part of human history, representing a complex socio-economic process. Depending on the attributes of classification, migration has a significant impact on the life of society, including the emergence of cultural and ethnic diversity. The scale of migration increases rapidly with the development of industry, trade, science and technology. The clash of different cultures, religious and national traditions is undoubtedly a consequence of migration. In the course of the analysis, the author managed to reveal the essence of the main motives and problems of migration processes in religious, interethnic, socio-economic aspects.
Key words: migration, motives for migration, migration problems.
 
Feldman A.L.
The role of Emperor Peter I in the emergence of the oil business in Russia
The reforms of Tsar Peter I and his personal participation and interest had a great impact on the development of the oil business in our country. Much attention was paid to the search for oil sources in Russia and beyond. Emperor Peter I began to consider oil production as a possible significant source of state revenue. The government planned to achieve their growth through the growth of domestic consumption of oil products and through an increase in the volume of foreign trade in this product with Western European countries.
Key words: Emperor Peter I, oil sources, ukhta oil, caspian oil, transit oil trade, Baltic-Volga-Caspian trade route.
 
Popov A.V.
Technical Committee of the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army on the eve of and during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
The article, based on archival documents, highlights a separate and most difficult historical period in the functioning of the Technical Committee of the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, as the main driving force of scientific and technical progress in matters of food, clothing and transport supplies of the military organization of the domestic state. The results of the analysis of changes in the organizational and staff structure, tasks and functions, and the results of the work of the main united engineering and technical body of the quartermaster service are presented. The personalities of the leaders and some employees are highlighted.
Key words: quartermaster supply services, organizational and staffing activities, structural subdivision, tasks and functions, quartermaster property.
 
Dolgushina P.S.
Shostak V.A.
Sinegubov S.N.
Origins of tolerance to the activities of Adolf Hitler and the directions of Nazism in European countries. The genesis of neo-nazism
The article examines the problems of the historical formation of tolerance in European countries in relation to the personality of Adolf Hitler and his political and managerial decisions, as well as assesses the impact of current trends in tolerance, currently relevant in European countries, on the perception of the phenomenon of Nazism and neo-Nazism through the analysis of statistical data. The relevance of this issue is indisputable, since the topic of World War II, Nazi philosophy and the activities of the leader of the National Socialist Party in the person of Adolf Hitler remain controversial and ambiguous to this day. The article analyzes the preservation of the value perception of the peoples of different countries of the topic of the stability of opinions about Nazism, due to the increasing political bias in the ideological sphere towards changing historical facts. The study also examines the phenomenon of popularization and encouragement of neo-Nazi movements in European countries; assessment of the relationship between the terms Nazism and neo-Nazism; identification of the degree of threat posed by followers of Nazism within individual states. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of Adolf Hitler's personality and the ideology he created on the formation of a liberal attitude towards the currents of Nazism in European countries.
Key words: history, tolerance, ideology, Nazism, influence, personality, Europe, neo-nazism.
 
Shtol M.V.
The Arctic region in the politics of circumpolar countries during the period of detente in international relations in the 70-s of the twentieth century
The article examines the foreign policy of the Nordic countries in the context of the "Cold War", within the framework of the plans of the North Atlantic Alliance and the United States, which do not allow the deployment of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction on their territories. The article summarizes the results of building interstate relations between the European Nordic countries and the USSR, which show the will to mutually beneficial cooperation and create good-neighborly relations, as stipulated in treaties, agreements and communiques.
Key words: Arctic region, militarization, remilitarization in the Arctic, military security, Northern countries, "cold war", circumpolar countries, mutually beneficial cooperation.
 
Yeerfan Haifeizi
Peiqiang Ni
Research on Zhu De's personal charm from the perspective of Charismatic leadership theory
This paper analyzes the personal charisma of Zhu De from the perspective of charismatic leadership theory. It begins by tracing the development of charismatic leadership theory, exploring its origins, various scholars' viewpoints, and analytical dimensions. Subsequently, it examines Zhu De's life and his leadership achievements in strengthening the Party's control over the military, ensuring internal Party unity, mobilizing revolutionary forces for the revolution, and engaging social forces in production and construction. The analysis is structured around five dimensions: a shared grand vision, high moral character, external image, compelling rhetoric, and harmonious interpersonal relationships. These aspects of Zhu De's charisma provide valuable insights for contemporary leadership theory and practice, establishing a classic example for the study of charismatic leadership.
Key words: Charismatic leadership, Zhu De, personal charisma, modern leadership theory, Max Weber, history of the Chinese revolution.
 
Karpuk O.K.
Strategic cooperation between China and the Soviet Union 1949-1955
The article analyzes an important historical stage in the early years of the formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the assistance of the Soviet Union (USSR) to China in the period from 1949 to 1955, when the PRC was at the stage of forming a national infrastructure. China sought to modernize its industry and strengthen its defense capabilities with the help of Soviet experience and technology. The article examines the key aspects of this cooperation: the supply of modern weapons to China, the dispatch of military experts and technicians to help establish industry and train technical personnel, as well as the joint development and production of military equipment.
Key words: People's Republic of China, Soviet Union, strategic cooperation, dispatch of experts, China, USSR, Russian-Chinese relations, Russian-Chinese cooperation.
 
 
 
Authors
Agirbov T.R., Student of the North Caucasus State Academy.
Bobyshev S.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk.
Bunyaeva K.V., Candidate of Law, Associate Professor. Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin.
Cherkasov A.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines at the Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov Maritime Institute– the branch of Admiral F.F. Ushakov State Maritime University.
Chernova L.M., Postgraduate student of the Orthodox St. Tikhon's Humanitarian University. Head of Information and Publishing Department Federal State Budgetary Institution "GIHL Museum-Reserve "Abramtsevo".
Degtyarev A.P., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of History. The Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation named after Prince Alexander Nevsky.
Demidov A.V., PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor. Moscow Humanitarian and Economic University.
Dolgushina P.S., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Evdokimov I.D., Master’s Degree Stundent. Saint Petersburg State University.
Feldman A.L., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fuel Supply and Lubricants Institute of Oil and Gas, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk.
Galaeva Z.S.-G., Graduate student of the historical faculty of The Ingush State University.
Karpuk O.K., Master's Student, Chongqing Normal University, China, Chongqing.
Klepikovsky A.A., Lecturer of the Branch of the VUNC VVA "VVA named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin".
Kozlov M.N., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of General History and World Culture of Sevastopol State University.
Kropta O.A., PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Methods of Professional Education. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volgograd State Agrarian University, Volgograd. SPIN-code: 7171-6756
Kuraev A.M., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Lieutenant Colonel. Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School, Novosibirsk.
Kurovsky S.V., Head of the Research Department of LLC "Higher School of Education".
Lipunova L.V., Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor. Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kemerovo State University", Novokuznetsk.
Lugovskaya M.Yu., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor. Baikal State University, Irkutsk. ORCID: 0009-0000-1023-2559
Lushkina T.A., Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy Sociology and Law. Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk.
Mishin D.A., Head of the Editorial and Publishing Department of LLC "Higher School of Education".
Murashko S.F., Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Professor of A.Ya. Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.
Napso M.B., Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the North Caucasus State Academy.
Nusipbekova A.A., Student. Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kemerovo State University", Novokuznetsk.
Peiqiang Ni, Institute of Marxism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Petrova S.I., Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor. Academy of marketing and socially-information technologies, Krasnodar.
Petrov I.F., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academy of Marketing and Social Information Technologies, Krasnodar.
Popov A.V., Candidate of Military Sciences. Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Committee (Department of Resource Provision of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation). Orcid: 0009-0008-6660-0531
Rudakova S.V., Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of A.Ya. Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.
Ryabova E.L., Doctor of Political Sciences, Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Ethnosociety and Interethnic Culture".
Samarats A.V., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Colonel. Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School, Novosibirsk.
Sheludyakov I.F., Postgraduate Student. Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University.
Shostak V.A., Student. Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Sinegubov S.N., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen State University, Ishim.
Shtol M.V., Post-graduate Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow.
Ternovaya L.O., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Moscow Automobile and Highway State Technical University.
Unatlokov V.Kh., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Kabardino-Circassian Language and Literature, Kabardino-Balkarian State University.
Uporov I.V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor. Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar.
Yeerfan Haifeizi, Institute of Marxism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Zalyubovskaya V.V., Lecturer, postgraduate student. Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin.