Content
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COUNCIL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
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Ryabova E.L., Ternovaya L.O. Subject field of public administration in the system of political sciences
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9
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Mikhailov V.A., Stepanov S.A., Ivanova E.A. Pro-government parties of pre-revolutionary Russia
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18
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Vostrikov K.V., Biryukov S.V., Wei Yilin Changes in the status of the Presidential Institution in modern Russia in the context of the constitutional reform of 2020
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36
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CURRENT PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY
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Mikhailov V.A., Stepanov S.A. From the history of pre-revolutionary Russian politics: monarchists and the Russian Orthodox Church
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44
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SOCIOLOGY
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Bormotova T.M., Ilyin A.E., Belyansky E.B., Makarov V.V. Cybercrime in Russia: status and methodology of analysis
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60
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Kong Chang Sociological structure of modern society
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74
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Gladkova I.A., Savenkova I.V., Fomin V.N. Social marketing technology of assistance to students in the process of its professional definition and formation
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79
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Gavrilyuk N.P. The problem of public opinion in the context of society transformation and modification of information transmission means
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88
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Zhao Heng Processes of civil integration in multi-ethnic Russian society (trends and problems)
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100
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REGIONAL STUDIES
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Malganov I.G., Kazancev A.S. Specifics of ethnic factor influence on the economy of municipal districts: experience of the Tatarstan Republic
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105
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Zaitseva I.A. Electronic voting and electoral blockchain technologies as a form of realization of active suffrage
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115
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Smirnov A.V. Images of perm's «cultural revolution» as an image resource for city branding
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123
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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
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Vostrikov K.V., Wei Yilin, Biryukov S.V. The influence of constitutional reforms on political systems in Russia, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan
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134
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Shuai Jinjun The Confucius Institutes in the Republic of Belarus: main areas of activity, challenges, and ways to overcome them
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142
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Polonchuk R.A. Military-political presence of the PRC in the Middle East
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149
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Zhao Na China's soft power and its regional ambitions from strategy to practice (Impact on Russia, America and Central Asia)
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158
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Su Shuai, Wang Tianyou Features of social interaction between Russia and China in the 21st century
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162
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Liu Xuanjia Perspectives for cooperation between the digital ruble and the digital yuan
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169
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Jin Baochen Analysis of influential factors and response strategies of international logistics in the context of «Belt and Road» Policy
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176
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Abstracts
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184
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Authors
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199
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Requirements to materials submitted to the international publishing house "Etnosocium"
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203
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The article attempts to explain the inclusion of a scientific specialty related to public administration in the section of the new Nomenclature of Scientific Specialties related to political science. The differences between managerial and integrative approaches to the theory and practice of public administration are revealed. The closeness of integrative models of studying public administration to understanding the specifics of the political space, the political needs of society and the capabilities of government is proven.
Keywords: state, types of management, political sciences, public administration, management activities, society.
Until 1905, there were no legal political parties in the Russian Empire. Any political activity was prohibited. The doctrine of the divine origin of monarchical power rejected public participation in government. Everything that came from the height of the throne was non-negotiable. The Constitution, the separation of powers, parliament and political parties were considered alien to the native Russian traditions as phenomena imposed by the corrupted West. One of the leading ideologists of unlimited autocracy, the Ober-Procurator of the Holy Synod K.P. Pobedonostsev called the Constitution "the great lie of our time". He was a teacher first of Alexander III, and then of Nicholas II, and both students firmly internalized this idea. Alexander III angrily exclaimed: "Constitution? That a Russian tsar should swear an oath to some cattle?". His son and heir Nicholas II solemnly promised to rule autocratically: "The burden of power laid upon me in the Kremlin of Moscow I will bear myself, and I am sure that the Russian people will help me. In power I will give an account before God".
Keywords: party, government, Russia, people, rights, patriotism.
This article discusses changes in the status of the President of Russia in the context of ongoing constitutional and political transformations. The authors analyze the changes introduced by the constitutional reform of 2020 and their impact on the country's political system. The article describes the expansion of the powers of the President of Russia in the sphere of political and administrative management and the increase in the possibilities of his influence on the socio-political life of the country, emphasizing the creation of a new body - the State Council and strengthening influence on other state institutions with its help. The authors analyze the existing points of view of Russian scientists on the changes that have occurred and their possible consequences. In general, the article contains certain generalizations about the new possibilities of the Russian political system and its institutions in the context of the implemented reform.
Keywords: institute of the President, constitutional reform, political system of Russia, public administration, state bodies.
The article deals with the political history of pre-revolutionary Russia, namely, the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the right-monarchist parties. The authors convincingly refute the opinion established since the Soviet historiography about the total support of the Orthodox clergy for the Black Hundred alliances. In fact, as shown in the article, along with ardent supporters of the extreme right in the ranks of the clergy there was a moderate trend that did not share the right-wing nationalist program. The article emphasizes that among the Black Hundred clergy there were often unstable elements who eventually broke with Orthodoxy and were deprived of their clerical dignity. The materials of the article show that attempts to involve the clergy in political activities are fraught with serious conflicts in the church itself and in secular society.
Keywords: political history, Russian Empire, political parties, Black Hundreds, monarchists, Russian Orthodox Church.
The article examines the essence, causes, methodology of cybercrime analysis, analyzes the dynamics of types of cybercrimes committed in the Russian Federation for the period 2018-2022, formulates conclusions and conclusions about its high social danger, the need for collective international efforts to effectively combat it.
Keywords: cybercrime, computer system, computer network, cyberspace.
The article is devoted to the problem of the sociological structure of modern society. Modern trends and problems of social development are revealed, which determine the transformation of the existing social structure. It has been shown that global informatization determines the directions of political, socio-economic, socio-cultural and spiritual development of society and leads to a change in the stratification positions of various groups of the population. The problem of the sociological structure of society is revealed in the context of trends in the development of a new type of information society. It has been shown that communicative practices and emergent properties of social systems act as structural elements of the formation of the sociological structure of modern society. The social structure of modern society is represented by a plurality of differential elements related by differential relations.
Keywords: modern society, global informatization, open society, structure, structure of society, social stratification.
In the article, the authors analyze the social marketing technology of promoting the professional definition and formation of young people. Its composition reflects the activities and methods designed to assist young students in vocational training.
Keywords: process of professional development, professional formation, social marketing, social partnership, social regulation, social adaptation.
Sociological research in the field of social and human sciences is currently proving to be particularly challenging and costly. The civic courage of researchers seeking to bring the voice of the people into the local scientific circuit, to make certain correlations on its basis, to deduce the causes of existential realities and to make recommendations for their improvement, is a relevant contribution to the sociological scientific heritage. In this context, the emergence of sociological analytical study of public opinion in the domestic scientific environment can only be welcomed, based on the real possibilities of applied scientific research.
The value of public opinion research is manifested, on the one hand, in the directions chosen for study, and, on the other hand, in the analysis of public opinion as a reaction to the events of social, economic and political life. On the basis of sociological methodology, specialists carry out sociological analysis of various aspects of society, the starting point of which is public opinion.
The author makes an attempt to analyse foreign and domestic experience in the study of public opinion, both the concept and the practice used in the construction of state policy, the activities of political parties and leaders. Special attention in the study is paid to the means of information transmission through the prism of their improvement, dissemination and influence on society, i.e. the study of a kind of cycle represented by the role of public opinion in the transformation of the means of information transmission and the influence of the means of information transmission (mass media, Internet platforms and means) on the formation of public opinion.
Keywords: public opinion, citizens, political institutions, media, Internet, digital society, digital environment, online, offline, web technologies, polls, surveys.
The article covers questions about trends and problems of civil integration in multi-ethnic Russian society. Russian society is multinational and multi-religious. Currently in Russia there is an increase in educational and labor migration of the population from regions with other cultural, national and religious traditions. The features and content of the concepts “structure of society”, “integration”, “multi-ethnic society” in a multicultural world are revealed. Issues of integration in a multiethnic society are revealed in the context of problems of ethnocultural adaptation. Civil integration in multi-ethnic Russian society is mediated by processes of foreign cultural invasion, which may have destructive tendencies. The desocializing factors of the sociocultural environment of modern Russian society, the socioeconomic crisis, and the spread of extremist sentiments among various segments of the population create the preconditions for interethnic contradictions and conflicts. It is concluded that in order to reduce interethnic contradictions and conflicts, the introduction of social programs and civil initiatives that ensure the successful adaptation and integration of labor and educational migration in Russian society plays a significant role.
Keywords: social structure, multi-ethnic integration, ethnocultural adaptation, tolerance, foreign cultural invasion, Russia.
The paper studies the specifics of the influence of ethnic factors on the economy of municipalities in the region. The experience of the influence of the ethnic factor on the economy of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan is revealed through a comprehensive analysis of the existing experience of the influence of the ethnic factor in the sphere of entrepreneurial (production of halal products, etc.), investment, financial and innovative activities (Islamic finance, Islamic investments, zakat charity funds), agriculture of the republic, international cooperation and tourism activities and strategies of socio-economic development of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of influence of the ethnic factor in the proposed grouping of municipal districts: 1) with a predominant share of the number of Tatars, 2) with a predominant share of the number of Russians and 3) mixed districts.
Keywords: ethnic factor, ethnoeconomics, municipal district, multi-ethnic region, Republic of Tatarstan, ethnogeography.
The article analyzes electronic voting and electoral blockchain technologies as a form of realization of active suffrage. It is noted that at present the Russian government is focused on changing the procedure for the implementation of active suffrage, achieved by expanding the legal framework and technological apparatus of electronic voting. The concept of electronic voting and the stages of its development from automatic vote counting systems to remote electronic voting, involving citizens voting without personal presence at polling stations, are given. The advantages of electronic voting in Russia are highlighted: increasing voter turnout, reducing time and financial costs, simplifying and speeding up the procedure for counting votes and expanding opportunities for the exercise of active suffrage. The foreign experience of using electronic voting is analyzed, it is noted that remote electronic voting is used in world practice using an interactive voting system, public public networks and a system based on cellular telephone communication. The essence, structure and specifics of electoral blockchain technologies that contribute to solving the problem of vulnerability of electoral rights in the conditions of remote electronic voting are considered. It is indicated that the security mechanisms of electoral blockchain technologies allow almost completely eliminating the possibility of falsifying the results of voting, which makes them optimal for use in the electronic voting system and increases the level of confidence in the election results. The shortcomings and problematic aspects of electronic voting are revealed due to the imperfection of the current electoral legislation and the technical study of the remote electronic voting system. The prospects for the development of remote electronic voting in Russia are considered.
Keywords: active suffrage, Russia, electronic democracy, electronic voting, electoral blockchain.
This article examines the implementation of ambitious cultural initiatives in the city of Perm and the Perm region, which have become known as the Perm "cultural revolution". On the basis of the brief coverage of events of the «cultural revolution», the conclusions about the uniqueness and, at the same time, the ambiguity of its results are made. The author believes that the preserved legacy of the Perm cultural project should be used in the modern branding practices of the city of Perm.
Keywords: perm «cultural revolution», perm cultural project, cultural policy, geocultural branding, public art, urban environment.
Within the framework of this article, the author provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of constitutional reforms in countries such as the Russian Federation in 2020, the Republic of Belarus in 2022 and the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2007. Mainly, the aspects of these reforms of each country that increase the stability of political institutions are analyzed in separate constitutional articles. In addition, the article makes a comparative analysis, both by individual factors and in the totality of uniform criteria, highlighting the distinctive features and characteristics of political institutions in each of the analyzed countries. A significant role among all constitutional changes by the authors of the article is given to the institution of the President, so he is the guarantor of the stability of the political system and public administration of these countries. Separate powers and functions of other state bodies that have become the object of constitutional reforms are also analyzed.
Keywords: constitutional reforms, political system, public administration, Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Confucian institutions play an important role in providing humanitarian support and promoting cultural ties through the Belt and Road Initiative. Let's take Belarus, one of the Belt and Road countries, as an example, and analyze the current state of Confucian institutions, covering aspects such as educational activities, staffing, cultural events, implementation of important projects supported by the State Administration of Chinese Language and International Affairs of China educational exchanges. On this basis, we will consider the existing opportunities and problems, and then present the strategy for the development of Confucian institutions in the Belt and Road countries: overall planning for the development of Confucian institutions, promoting the Belt and Road Initiative; strengthening the construction of human resources to unlock the potential of Confucian institutions; creation of a variety of educational programs to train qualified specialists in the field of the Chinese language; actively promoting the development of teaching aids at the local level according to curriculum needs; continuous innovation in cross-cultural communication methods to more quickly spread Chinese culture around the world; active expansion of funding sources to ensure the sustainable development of Confucian institutions.
Keywords: One Belt and One Road, Confucius Institute, Republic of Belarus, Chinese language, national culture.
The article analyzes the main foreign policy concepts that determine the military-political presence of the PRC in the Middle East. The approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the Middle East region are shown. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the military aspect of China's policy in the region.
Keywords: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.
China is actively implementing the concept of "soft power" in its foreign policy. The importance of the use of "soft power" as an instrument of foreign policy diplomacy is also due to the expediency of not using weapons of mass destruction in the confrontation of the largest states. It should be noted that in modern realities, many leading world powers turn to soft power diplomacy in their foreign policy. The relevance of soft power for the Chinese state is based on economic cooperation, the use of instruments of military and political influence and the exclusion of non-state actors from the process of influencing the development of priority areas in the field of soft power.
Keywords: soft power, China, Russia, foreign policy, strategic influence.
Modern Russian-Chinese relations are characterized by the parties as a relationship of multi-level partnership and strategic interaction. Their main principles and directions of development are reflected in the Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation. The author analyzes the features of social interaction between Russia and China in the 21st century, the importance of which lies in ensuring social development in countries, intensifying integration while maintaining regional features of development, as well as in direct influence on the course of political and economic processes on a global scale. One of the important areas of social interaction between China and Russia is cooperation in the field of high-tech medical care and technology. This in-depth Chinese-Russian medical strategy aims to fully combine the advantages of both sides in scientific research, clinical resources, transformation of achievements and policy recommendations, and to promote exchanges and cooperation in the field of life and health between the two countries, and to further strengthening relations between Chinese and Russian medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies. It is also important to note the sphere of education, in which there is effective interaction between countries. An important aspect is to reach consensus on a joint response to the epidemic, promote the development of bilateral relations and practical cooperation.
Keywords: China, Russia, partnership, social interaction, Russian-Chinese relations, cooperation, good neighborliness.
This article examines the crucial aspects of cooperation in the field of digital currencies issued by the central banks of China and Russia. By analysing the external environment and long-term strategic interests related to the development of these digital currencies, the significance of this cooperation becomes apparent. This article also analyses the obstacles that the digital ruble and digital yuan may face in the process of cooperation and offers recommendations on how to overcome them. It also examines the opportunities that these two currencies have in the process of joint development and cooperation.
Keywords: digital currency, Central bank digital currency cooperation, digital economy, PRC, RF.
The 'Belt and Road Initiative' is China's proposal in response to the new changes in globalization, aimed at working together with various countries to jointly promote global economic prosperity and development. It represents a new model and approach to globalization, emphasizing collaboration, co-construction, and shared benefits. It serves as a significant platform for China, leveraging the Eurasian continent to actively engage in and facilitate economic globalization. Prior analyses and studies have shown that each phase of economic globalization has profoundly impacted international logistics in terms of governance structure, spatial arrangements, scientific and technological advancements, and regulatory systems. To address the new dynamics of economic globalization, China should base its strategies on assessing the evolving trends of the 'Belt and Road Initiative' in various dimensions. This article analyzes the impact of this new model of globalization on international logistics, with the goal of informing the development of effective strategies to proactively address these changes.
Keywords: One Belt and One Road, international logistics, analysis, Eurasia, strategy.